{"id":1562,"date":"2012-01-05T15:15:56","date_gmt":"2012-01-05T21:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/?page_id=1562"},"modified":"2022-07-27T15:04:54","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T21:04:54","slug":"f-n-1900","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/?page_id=1562","title":{"rendered":"F.N. 1900"},"content":{"rendered":"

F<\/span>USIL AUTOMATIQUE: The F.N. Modele 1900<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/span>\n

BY: CAMERON WOODALL<\/p>\n

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In Belgium it was known as “La Carabine Automatique Browning”, in Germany it was the “Selbstladeb\u00fcchse Browning Kaliber 9mm”, but in the United States we know it simply as the F.N. 1900.\u00a0 If the Remington Model 8 is the grandfather of American semi-automatic sporting rifles, the F.N. 1900 is its European twin.\u00a0 Produced by the legendary Fabrique Nationale de Armes de Guerre (FN) in Belgium, this rifle officially labeled as the “Browning Patent Modele 1900” was a near identical copy of the American made Autoloading Rifle.\u00a0 In Europe during the early 20th<\/sup> century, the autoloading platform was seen more as a novelty than something of actual usefulness.\u00a0 This worked to the Modele 1900’s advantage and disadvantage respectively.\u00a0 On one hand the FN encountered very little genuine competition but on the other hand its high price and yet-proven mechanics paved the way for poor sales right from the beginning.\u00a0 Even still, compared to other European firearms of the day, this rifle was fast shooting and elegantly built.\u00c2\u00a0 So distinct and intriguing were these rifles that around 100 saw front-line service in aircraft with the French Aeronautique Militaire in the early days of WWI.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

The story begins with John Browning who filed several long-recoil patents not just those in the United States.\u00a0 German Patentschrift 9996 dated Nov. 25th<\/sup> 1902 is the equivalent of U.S. patent No. 659,786 filed June 6th<\/sup>, 1900 for a “Recoil Operated Firearm”.\u00a0 The year of this patent is where the Modele 1900 got its name even though FN didn’t manufacture the rifle until a decade later.\u00a0 Browning established a friendly relationship with FN in 1902 selling the exclusive rights to his long-recoil rifle (and shotgun) to FN on March 24 of the same year.\u00a0 FN quickly began producing Auto-5 shotguns, but by 1904 such restrictive importation tariffs had been imposed that FN negotiated with Browning to allow manufacture of his shotgun within the United States.\u00a0 The Remington Arms Co. was eager to work with John Browning and acquire the rights to manufacture both his autoloading shotgun and his autoloading rifle.\u00a0 FN was first to introduce the long-recoil shotgun, but it was Remington that first produced John Browning’s long-recoil rifle in 1906 dubbed the “Autoloading Rifle” or more known today as the Model 8.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

The arrangement between FN and Remington was that the Model 8 was for sales by and large inside the United States and the Modele 1900 would essentially pursue sales to the rest of the world.\u00a0 Despite the large market, the FN 1900 found its home predominately with hunters in and around Western Europe and Canada.\u00a0 A page from an undated FN catalog lists the country restrictions imposed on the FN 1900,<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

“The Browning automatic sporting rifle nr243, cal. 35, cannot, neither directly nor indirectly, be sold<\/strong> in France, Morocco, United States of North America, Poland, Danzig included, Ceylon Isle, Princedom of Bombay, Queensland” (p.8).\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/h6>\n<\/span>\n

Unfortunately however, the FN 1900 didn’t experience the level of sales as the Remington Model 8.\u00a0 If convincing American hunters to spend their hard earned dollars on a revolutionary (and expensive!) autoloading rifle was difficult enough, doing the same for the European hunter was almost ludicrous.\u00a0 The autoloading rifle was just too different.\u00a0 A translation of the original manual reveals that the key selling points used by FN were the distinct advantages of the autoloading platform over contemporary big game rifles.\u00a0 One excerpt from the manual,<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

“In addition the gas pressure is partially employed to operate the automatic mechanism, there is a substantial reduction in recoil and therefore much less fatigue to the hunter who is able to keep his gun at ready for immediate follow- up shots” (p. 5).<\/em><\/h6>\n<\/span>\n

Continuing on FN hyped the Modele 1900’s superiority to bolt-action rifles in its rate of fire and perceived recoil, and superiority to double rifles in its consistent shot placement with repeated firing and moderate cost.\u00a0 Regardless of any advantages the FN 1900 may have had over other rifles, its sales did not reflect this and limited production makes this rifle quite uncommon today.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

\u00a0FN Production<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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undated FN catalog courtesy Tom Ramsey<\/p><\/div>\n

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Only 4,913 Modele 1900’s were ever manufactured.\u00a0 Compared to the Model 8’s production run of nearly 70,000, that’s more than 14 Model 8’s for every 1 FN 1900.\u00a0 According to FN catalogs, the Modele 1900 was introduced in 1910 and officially dropped from the product line in 1929. Other sources reveal 32 rifles were sold between 1930-1936, probably clean up rifles from leftover parts.<\/p>\n

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In 1911 the U.S. equivalent price of the FN 1900 was $57, nearly double the cost of a standard “A” grade Model 8.\u00a0 To put it more into perspective, for $3 more than the cost of an FN 1900, the American hunter could have had an engraved Model 8D Peerless.\u00a0 Examination of existing rifles verifies that production began with serial number 1 up to 4913. Case in point is FN serial number 5, with a gorgeous, high grade European walnut stock!\u00a0 This rifle may be from the first day of manufacture and is indicative that production began with #1 and continued on.<\/p>\n

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FN #5 – Courtesy of the Creamer Collection<\/p><\/div>\n

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Below is a breakdown of FN production published by Fire! Magazine (1996).<\/p>\n

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It’s often wondered how did so many surviving FN’s wind up in the United States.\u00a0 The FN’s here today did not come from any one place.\u00a0 It is known that some were vet bring-backs from two World Wars and at least a few were imported by Val Browning into the US.\u00a0 Since the FN was exported to Canada many have made their way south of the border.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

Describing the F.N. 1900<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Produced with the same old-world craftsmanship as the Remington, these rifles are a testament to Fabrique Nationale’s word-wide reputation for manufacturing high quality firearms.\u00a0 It doesn’t take a scrupulous eye to notice there were probably more hours of labor involved in producing the FN over the Remington.\u00a0 A close inspection and disassembly of both the FN and Remington rifles will reveal a significantly superior fit and finish with the version made in Belgium, even over 1st<\/sup> year production Model 8’s.<\/p>\n

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The FN came in two versions, neither of which were a higher grade than the other.\u00a0 One version had a standard barrel jacket like the Model 8, the other a solid barrel rib running the length of the jacket.<\/p>\n

Below is a list of features unique to the FN Browning Patent 1900,<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

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– Stocks and forearms were made of European walnut hand cut checkered to 20 lines per inch<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

–<\/span>Buttstocks were round knob semi-pistol grip style.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\n

–<\/span>Buttplates were made of horn, identical to the A5 shotgun.\u00a0 2 versions were used throughout production.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\n

–<\/span>Forearms are similar to the Model 8 with a less pronounced schnabel tip.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\n

–<\/span>Observed firing pins are of the early Model 8 style with no firing pin spring or firing pin buffer spring.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\n

–<\/span>Offered in only 1 chambering,”calibre 9mm” equivalent to the 35 Remington.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>\n

–<\/span>Front and rear sling swivels came standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

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mid-production FN #24XX – Woodall Collection<\/p><\/div>\n

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Barrel Rib Version <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The very earliest and the very latest FN’s have ribbed barrel jackets.\u00a0 This version is undoubtedly the most unique, although it’s also the most common. The solid rib is 8.75mm in width and runs from the jacket head all the way to the end of the barrel jacket. It was soldered on which means disassembly of the jacket head from the jacket is not possible, but this also means there’s no potential for loosening of the jacket from the head, a problem common with Model 8’s & 81’s.<\/p>\n

The purpose of this rib, as with shotguns, is quick acquisition of moving targets.\u00a0 It was common in the early 1900’s for European hunters to flush game from cover and make shots on the running animal.\u00a0 Hence the reason these versions have a two position flip rear sight dovetailed into the barrel rib.\u00a0 One position, 1.5mm in width, is for precise shots like on typical sights, the other is a wider notch at 4.25mm intended for swinging on moving targets.\u00a0 According to the FN manual, the position for standard shooting is set for 100 meters.\u00a0 This whole concept wasn’t something that appealed much to the American hunter of the day, but seeing as these rifles were sold primarily in Europe it was a great marketing tool.<\/p>\n

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Plain Barrel Jacket Version<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

This version though less unique in appearance is considerably scarce, thus according to the 2011 Blue Book a 15% increase in value should be added over the barrel rib version.\u00a0 Still auction prices for the two versions are about the same and many collectors prefer the ribbed version over this one because it’s more distinctive from a Model 8.\u00a0 The earliest recorded plain jacket FN during this study was #11XX, and no plain jacket FN’s were observed beyond the 2900 serial number range suggesting that it was only available for a limited time during the first 10 years of production.\u00a0 It’s estimated from studying serial numbers that this version accounts for 15% or less of all FN’s produced.<\/p>\n

The tangent rear sight on this version is marked with adjustable gradients from 100-500 meters.\u00a0 Front sights are different than the version with the barrel rib.<\/p>\n

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Subtle Differences<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Spending some time comparing the Remington Model 8 and the FN 1900 will reveal just as many differences and similarities.\u00a0 While many parts are interchangeable between the two rifles, many are not and a select few<\/em><\/strong> of the ones unique to the FN are pictured below.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

OPERATING HANDLE – <\/strong>The operating handle is unique to the FN and one of the more noticeable differences.\u00a0 Operating handles of both the Remington and FN consist of 4 parts, the operating handle body, the operating handle bushing, the operating handle plunger, and the plunger spring.\u00a0 The FN differs in that its operating handle body has fine knurling for better grip and its bushing does not require a special tool for disassembly like the Model 8.\u00a0 Both operating handles are removed from the bolt carrier assembly in the same fashion.<\/p>\n

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Difference between FN (left) and Model 8 (right) operating handle arms.<\/p><\/div>\n

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It was once thought that the FN was manufactured with more than one operating handle since some variations have been noticed.\u00a0 The peculiar consistency is that all are modifications done as a result of a missing operating handle bushing.\u00a0 As previously stated, this part did not require a special tool to disassemble like the Model 8.\u00a0 Furthermore the FN’s bushing is not recessed into the bushing body like the Model 8, thus it is exposed and more likely to back out of its threads under normal use.\u00a0 Being such a small part, logic would assume it was easily lost and thus modifications to the handle would have to be made to keep the plunger in place.\u00a0 During this study both the lowest serial number rifle and the highest had the same operating handle.\u00a0 All period advertisement and manuals depict this operating handle and bushing.<\/p>\n

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SAFETY LEVER – <\/strong>While the Model 8 was manufactured with 3 different safety levers throughout production, the FN had only one and it is unique to this rifle.\u00a0 The two are not directly interchangeable without modification.\u00a0 The FN lever is .10″ longer across the top.<\/p>\n

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MAGAZINES – <\/strong>The magazine box of the FN is of the early pattern Model 8 magazine with no side springs.\u00a0 As pointed out by Ed Furler Jr. in the 2nd<\/sup> Qtr 1994 RSA Journal, the magazine guide ribs (vertical slots) are \u00bc of an inch shorter in the FN compared to Model 8’s.<\/p>\n

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FN magazine (top) has shorter guide ribs than the Model 8 (bottom)<\/p><\/div>\n

RECEIVERS – <\/strong>The front face of the FN receiver is less recessed where the barrel takedown screw engages.\u00a0 This is not obvious until a Model 8 and an FN are placed side by side.<\/p>\n

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Since the operating handle arm of an FN is narrower, the groove in the receiver wherein the operating handle moves back and forth is narrower in an FN.<\/p>\n

There is no provision for tang sights.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>FN’s did not come from the factory with a pre-drilled tang sight screw hole like the Model 8.\u00a0 Occasionally FN’s may be found with tang sights installed but these were done sometime after production.\u00a0 Four during this study were observed.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

TANG SCREW SET SCREW – <\/strong>The FN saw the use of a set screw to help secure the tang screw in place.\u00a0 This same design can be found on FN produced Browning A5 shotguns.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

EXTRACTORS – <\/strong>Unmarked extractors were used which differ just slightly from the Remington version.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

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FOREARM TAKEDOWN SCREWS – <\/strong>a simple flathead takedown screw was used as opposed to Remington’s swivel type.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

BARRELS –<\/strong><\/p>\n

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ABSENT CALIBER MARKINGS – <\/strong>The Model 8 always had its caliber marked in one of two places (either hand engraved on top of the jacket head or roll stamped on the barrel extension), but the FN 1900 came without an external caliber designation.\u00a0 If the barrel jacket is disassembled, a “35” is sometimes stamped on the barrel to specify bore diameter.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

MILLED BARREL EXTENSION – <\/strong>The FN barrel extension has a milled locking lug recess slightly different than the Remington made Model 8.\u00a0 Pictured here with a 1908 Model 8 barrel for comparison, the milled recess is obvious was probably cut to increase clearance of the extractor or increase reliability of brass ejection.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

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Barrel extension milling: Model 8 (top) and FN 1900 (bottom).<\/p><\/div>\n

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BUTTPLATES – <\/strong>The FN was manufactured with 2 butt-plates, both of which were at some point used on the FN produced Browning A5 shotgun.\u00a0 The early FN butt-plate was used at least up until the 2900 serial number range, while the “Browning Automatic” butt-plate was used on all later rifles.\u00a0 According to sources on FN firearms, these early butt-plates were made of either horn or hard rubber.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

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FN BUTT-PLATES – Courtesy of Corey Creamer<\/p><\/div>\n

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Variations in Forearm Checkering<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/span>\n

After observing FN’s across a broad range of serial numbers, it appears they came with 3 variations of forearm patterns.\u00a0 The majority of period catalogs and advertisements portray the first pattern pictured below. This pattern is found on the earliest rifles and as late as the 3800 serial number range.\u00a0 Checking can be single or double bordered.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

1ST STYLE PATTERN <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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2ND STYLE PATTERN <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

This slight variation is transitional and found on some rifles between the 2900 and 3300 serial number range.<\/p>\n

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3RD STYLE PATTERN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Somewhere between the 3300-3800 serial range, Fabrique Nationale changed forearm checkering to the pattern below.\u00a0 This pattern continued to the end of production and was found on the very latest rifles in this study, #488X and #489X.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

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A Glance at F.N. Markings<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/span>\n

As customary for European firearms, the FN rifles came with a series of markings from the Liege proof house.\u00a0 Some of these markings are visible, some are hidden, but a close look will turn up markings all over the rifle.\u00a0 The test rifle for this inspection was a late production FN with barrel rib, #4319.\u00a0 Disassembly of the barrel and receiver was conducted.\u00a0 As is consistent with many other FN produced firearms, the serial number on this rifle was found stamped in numerous places to name a few: the receiver, trigger plate (lower tang), forearm, stock, bolt, bolt carrier (3 locations), operating handle, barrel jacket, barrel and even the tang screw.<\/p>\n

The following is a description of some of these markings and their meaning found on our test rifle.<\/p>\n

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Special Grade F.N. 1900’s<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\n

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Since FN did not have its own engraving department setup until 1926, engraved Modele 1900’s are exceedingly rare.\u00a0 One indication that the factory consigned the job is that the exterior proofs were relocated to accommodate the artisan’s work, something only FN could have done. Three engraved FN 1900’s were observed during this study, all in a private collection in the United States.<\/p>\n

The first rifle has almost 100% scroll coverage on the receiver, safety lever, trigger plate, magazine, buttplate, and barrel jacket.\u00a0 This rifle is also featured in John Henwood’s book, “The Great Model 8 & 81”.\u00a0 Notice the proof and inspector stamps were left off the receiver profiles as to not deter from the gorgeous engraving!\u00a0 The author knows of no other FN, Model 8, or Model 81 as highly embellished as this rifle.<\/p>\n

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Highly engraved FN – Courtesy of the Creamer Collection<\/p><\/div>\n

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Another example features extensive engraving and game scenes on both sides of the receiver (pictured below).\u00a0 Note the proof and inspector stamps are moved from the front shoulder of the receiver to beside the factory roll marks.<\/p>\n

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A beautifully engraved FN #37XX – Courtesy of the Creamer Collection<\/p><\/div>\n<\/span>\n

This FN features gold line engraving and is thought to be made by FN for a World’s Fair exhibition.\u00a0 It’s stock was made with “cheeks” not unlike Pre-WWI Model 8’s.<\/p>\n

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FN # 36XX – Courtesy of the Creamer Collection<\/p><\/div>\n<\/span>\n

The elusive Straight Grip F.N. 1900<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\n

Perhaps the most uncommon version of the FN 1900 is the straight grip stock.\u00a0 FN manuals depict a straight grip version in both the parts breakdown and the rifle function illustration.\u00a0 It’s not known how many straight grip rifles were manufactured, but only one is known in a private collection in the United States.\u00a0 This featured rifle (# 48XX) was originally from Val. A. Browning’s personal collection and interestingly enough was special ordered with set screws for the barrel lock screw, bolt carrier latch screw, and the trigger plate screw on the left side of the receiver!\u00a0 The trigger plate on this rifle is not a Model 8 part, it is Belgian made with a set screw retaining the tang screw.\u00a0 Its receiver markings are in a different font than standard production FN’s.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

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Straight Grip 1900 as depicted in the FN manual<\/p><\/div>\n

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Val A. Browning’s straight grip FN – Courtesy of the Creamer Collection<\/p><\/div>\n<\/span>\n

F.N. Accessories: Disassembly Tool and Cartridge Clips<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\n

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One of the more ingenious features of the FN 1900 was its barrel jacket disassembly tool.\u00a0 In FN manuals this tool is pictured demonstrating proper barrel assembly takedown.\u00a0 Instead of a thin, fragile spanner wrench as used with the Model 8, this tool uses a set screw to engage the barrel nut and also notches to engage the jacket bushing simultaneously.\u00a0 Both parts can be removed with clockwise rotation of the T handles without fear of the components flying across the room under spring tension!\u00a0 The manual instructs the user to employ the tool first by loosening the barrel jacket bushing then use the set screw to engage and remove the barrel nut and jacket bushing together.\u00a0 Only one example of this special tool is known in a private collection in Germany. It is pictured below along with an image from the FN manual.<\/p>\n

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Courtesy of Dr. Dirk Zeising<\/p><\/div>\n<\/span>\n

FN cartridge clips are extremely rare.\u00a0 Demonstration of the clip is pictured in the FN manual and is of similar construction to the early brass Remington Model 8 clips with a single pair of stop ears.\u00a0 The author was able to locate only one FN cartridge clip in a private collection in the USA.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

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Chargement du magasin (loading the magazine)<\/p><\/div>\n

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FN cartridge clip – Courtesy of Tom Ramsey<\/p><\/div>\n<\/span>\n

Case Study Points <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\n

– A total of 95 FN rifles were studied ranging from a single digit serial number to 4,89X.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– 21 rifles were without barrel ribs (approx. 24%).<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– 16 countries were represented from the serial numbers studied.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– Over 50% of the rifles observed were in private collections in the USA.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– 3 rifles had factory endorsed engraving with a possible 1 in addition<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

References and Further Reading<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>\n

– The Other Model 8 Autoloader: E.F. Furler, Jr.\u00a0 RSA Journal<\/em> 2nd<\/sup> Quarter 1994<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– La Carabine Automatique de Chasse Browning: Michel Druart.\u00a0 Fire!<\/em> #27, July-August 1996<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– Selbstladegewehr Browning 1900: Dr. Dirk Zeising. Deutsches Waffen Journal<\/em>, December 2009.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– The Great Remington 8 and Model 81 Autoloading Rifles: John Henwood<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– FN Browning Armorer to the World: Gene Gangarosa, Jr.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– Browning: Sporting Arms of Distinction 1903-1992: Matt Eastman<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

– Remington’s Model 8 & 81 Rifles: Pete Dickey. American Rifleman<\/em> July 1990.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

Many thanks to Corey Creamer, Tom Ramsey, Jack Ahlberg, and Dr. Dirk Zeising for their many contributions.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n

If you have any questions or comments please email Cam Woodall @<\/strong><\/p>\n

cat9x@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

F<\/span>USIL AUTOMATIQUE: The F.N. Modele 1900 BY: CAMERON WOODALL In Belgium it was known as “La Carabine Automatique Browning”, in Germany it was the “Selbstladeb\u00fcchse Browning Kaliber 9mm”, but in the United States we know it simply as the F.N. 1900.\u00a0 If the Remington Model 8 is the grandfather of American semi-automatic sporting rifles, the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1562","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1562"}],"version-history":[{"count":274,"href":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2914,"href":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1562\/revisions\/2914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thegreatmodel8.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}